Reason Clauses

[Bilge Gökçen]

reason clauses clauses of reason of konu anlatımı on account kullanımı due to kullanımı
1. TÜMCE İLE KULLANILANLAR


1.1. Because, As, For, Since
Türkçeye "yüklem + -I için / -IndEn ötürü / dolayı", "yüklem + -mEsI nedeniyle / sebebiyle" şeklinde aktarılırlar.
Because he worked so hard, he deserved a holiday.


As sözcüğü devrik yapıda kullanılarak da Reason Clause oluşturabilir. Aynı yapı Concession Clause için de geçerli olduğu için hangi anlamın çıkarılması gerektiğine dikkat edilmesi gerekir.
Tired as she was, she went on walking. [Concession]
Tired as she was, she stopped walking. [Reason]



..... the prices are very high, I have to find a second job to make ends meet.
A. Even though
B. In spite of
C. Unless
D. Because
E. Even if

I reckon he'll be a great asset to the firm, ..... he really does have a good eye for business.
A. although
B. for
C. therefore
D. lest
E. thus

1.2. Because of / Due to / Owing to / On account of + the fact that
Türkçeye "[gerçeği(nden)] ötürü / yüzünden / sayesinde" şeklinde aktarılırlar.
Owing to the fact that Tom didn't know any French, they were able to speak comfortably in his presence.



..... a heavy rain, the game had to be stopped.
A. Because
B. Owing to
C. Regardless of
D. In spite of
E. Provided
1.3. As long as

KULLANIMI
as long as + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
- DIğI sürece / müddetçe
As long as he doesn't disturb me, it is okay.


1.4. Inasmuch as, Insomuch as
Because anlamı taşıyan bu yapılar resmi durumlarda kullanılır.
Thomas is also guilty, insomuch as he knew what they were going to do.( ..., because he knew ...)


1.5. In that

KULLANIMI
in that + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
-mEsI açısından/yüzünden, -DIğI için
The evidence is invalid in that it was obtained through illegal ways.


1.6. Now that
Time Clause yapılarda ele alınan Now that ile aynı anlamı taşır.
1.7. (The reason) why

KULLANIMI
(The reason) why + tümce + be + because/that ...
ÇEVİRİSİ
-mE("kişi eki")In(In) nedeni/sebebi ... (-dIr)

The reason (why) they lost is that/because they did not know the rules.



She won't tell me the reason ..... she is leaving me!
A. how
B. when
C. which
D. whom
E. why

1.8. While

KULLANIMI
while + tümce
ÇEVİRİSİ
hazır ... olduğuna göre/-mIş iken
While you are in the kitchen, can you bring me a knife ?

 

[Bilge Gökçen]

Cevap: Reason Clauses

2. TÜMCE İLE KULLANILMAYANLAR
2.1. Because of, Due to, Owing to, On account of

KULLANIMI
because of / due to + owing to + on account of + ad + (Ving) [1] / + my / his /.. + Ving [2]
ÇEVİRİSİ
Türkçeye because ile aynı şekilde aktarılırlar.
Because of rain the rescue operation had to be stopped. [1]


Owing to his trying to save the situation, a scandal was prevented. [2]


2.2. Ving ...,
Önemli bir özellik:


Ving ile time ve reason anlatıldığı zaman, ana tümcenin ve yan tümcenin öznesinin aynı olması gerekir.

In any election campaign, we see that all the candidates promise to bring all essential facilities to the area, ......
A. bearing in mind the fact that it has a potential vote population
B. in that they were quite successful in bringing service
C. that has always been neglected by local politicians
D. which actually needed almost nothing other than a sewage system
E. whose political career depends on the leading party's policies

Seeing that it was likely to rain, he stayed in. (=Because / When he saw ...)


Knowing their tastes, she was able to bring a good gift. (=Because she knew ...)


Having completed the task, they had a break. (=Because / After they had completed ...)


2.3. Past participle (= V3)
Önemli özellikler:

Bu yapı edilgen özellik taşır.
Past Participle ile time ve reason anlatıldığı zaman, ana tümcenin ve yan tümcenin öznesinin aynı olması gerekir.

Constructed according to my specifications, the building was able to withstand the earthquake. (=Because it was constructed ...)


2.4. With

KULLANIMI
with + ad + Ving [1]
with + ad + to + yüklem [2]
ÇEVİRİSİ
"var iken", -mekte iken, -DIğI için, -DIğIndEn ötürü
With the exams coming, we have no time for a social life. [1]


With so many children to support, they both have to work. [2]


2.5. What with
Yukarıda ele alınan With yapısı ile aynıdır.